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India Factfile - Social Scenario |
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| 1. |
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The Human Development
Index (HDI) measures the overall achievements in a country
in three basic dimensions of human development - longevity and heath,
education and knowledge and a decent standard of living. The HDI and
Gender Development Index (GDI) have improved in the last decade, but
these continue to be low compared to even some countries in the region.
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| 2. |
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As per the latest estimates of poverty
by the Planning Commission, based on the 55th round of NSSO covering
the period July 1999 to June 2000, in the last two decades there was
a significant decline in proportion of people
living below poverty line, from 51.3 percent in 1977-78
to 26.1 percent in 1999-2000. In absolute terms, the number of the
poor declined from 328.9 million in 1977-78 to 260.3 million in 1999-2000.
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| 3. |
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India's Global
Position on Human and Gender Development |
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Country
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Human Development Index (HDI)
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Gender Development Index (GDI)
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Gender Empowerment Measures (GEM)
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2001 |
1990 |
2001 |
1990 |
2001 |
1990 |
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| Norway |
0.944 |
0.9 |
0.941 |
0.911 |
0.837 |
0.752 |
| Australia |
0.939 |
0.886 |
0.938 |
0.901 |
0.754 |
0.568 |
| Sri Lanka |
0.73 |
0.692 |
0.726 |
0.66 |
0.272 |
0.288 |
| China |
0.721 |
0.624 |
0.718 |
0.578 |
0.483 |
0.474 |
| Indonesia |
0.682 |
0.619 |
0.677 |
0.591 |
0.362 |
0.362 |
| India |
0.59 |
0.519 |
0.574 |
0.401 |
0.240 |
0.226 |
| Pakistan |
0.499 |
0.44 |
0.469 |
0.36 |
0.414 |
0.153 |
| Bangladesh |
0.502 |
0.414 |
0.495 |
0.334 |
0.218 |
0.287 |
| Nepal |
0.499 |
0.413 |
0.479 |
0.31 |
N.A |
0.315 |
| Mozambique |
0.356 |
0.317 |
0.341 |
0.229 |
0.428 |
0.35 |
| Niger |
0.292 |
0.264 |
0.279 |
0.196 |
N.A. |
0.205 |
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| 4. |
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Literacy rate
(2001 census) - 65.38% (Kerala has the highest literacy rate of 90.92
per cent. As per 2001 census all States and Union Territories have
achieved a male literacy rate of 60 per cent and most of the States
have attained a female literacy rate of over 50 per cent). |
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| 5. |
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Infant Mortality
Rate (IMR), a sensitive indicator of health status as well
as of overall socio-economic development, has reduced significantly
from 146 in 1951 to 64 in 2002. Reduction in IMR is reflected in corresponding
increase in life expectancy at birth, which has increased from 36.7
in 1951 to 64.6 in 2003. Crude death rate has declined from 25 per
1,000 population in 1951 to 8.1 in the year 2002. |
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